Ishidi Le-Aluminium Lomshini Wokushisela We-Laser Ophathwayo: Umhlahlandlela Osebenzayo

Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokushisela ishidi elincane le-aluminium ngomshini wokushisela we-laser ophathwayo, okuhlanganisa amapharamitha, izinhlobo zamajoyinti, ukulawula ukushisa, ukulawula ukuhlanekezela, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.

Umhlahlandlela Wobuchwepheshe

Ukuthi Kungani Ukushisela Amashidi E-Aluminium Kwehlukile

Ukushisela amashidi amancane e-aluminium - ngokuvamile 0.5 mm kuya ku-2.0 mm - kuveza izinselele ezihlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nepulethi elisindayo. Inhlanganisela yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-aluminium (cishe 237 W/m·K) nokuncibilika okuphansi (660 °C) kusho ukuthi ukushisa kusakazeka ngokushesha eshidini. Ngaphandle kokulawula okunembile, lokhu kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ukugoba, nokuhlanekezela. Ukusebenza kwe-handheld laser welder aluminium sheet kudinga amapharamitha afanele ngokucophelela namasu athile ahlukile ekushiseleni izingxenye ezijiyile.

Inzuzo ye- umshini wokushisela nge-laser ophathwayo emsebenzini wamashidi ilele ekushiseni okugxilile. Ngokungafani ne-TIG welding, esakaza ukushisa endaweni ebanzi, i-fiber laser igxilisa amandla endaweni encane njengobubanzi obungu-0.2–0.6 mm, inciphisa indawo ethintekayo ukushisa futhi yehlise ukuhlanekezela ezintweni eziwugqinsi oluncane. Ukuze uthole ukubuka okubanzi kokusebenzisa umshini wokushisela nge-laser ophathwayo we-aluminium, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wamathiphu nezinqubo ezing кращий.

Amapharamitha Anconyiwe Wamashidi Amancane E-Aluminium

Ubukhulu Beshidi	Amandla	Isivinini	Ukudla Okungeniswa	Igesi (Ar)
0.5 mm	400–600 W	30–45 mm/s	0.8–1.2 m/min	12–15 L/min
0.8 mm	600–800 W	25–35 mm/s	1.0–1.5 m/min	12–15 L/min
1.0 mm	700–900 W	20–30 mm/s	1.2–1.8 m/min	15–18 L/min
1.5 mm	900–1200 W	15–25 mm/s	1.5–2.0 m/min	15–18 L/min
2.0 mm	1100–1400 W	12–20 mm/s	1.8–2.5 m/min	18–20 L/min

Imodeli engu-1000 W isebenza kahle ngeshidi elifinyelela ku-1.5 mm. Ngoshidi olungu-2.0 mm oludinga ukungena ngokugcwele, imodeli engu-1500 W iyanconywa - ifinyelela ukungena okuphezulu kwe-3 mm ku-aluminium, inikeza umkhawulo owanele wokuthi imithungo ingena ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo Zamajoyinti Nokulungiselela Ishidi Le-Aluminium

Amajoyinti E-Butt

Kumajoyinti e-butt eshidi-to-shidi, ukulawula igebe kubalulekile. Ukungaguquguquki komthungo ongu-±0.1 mm okutholakala ngezinhlelo zethu eziphathwayo kusho ukuthi amagebe kufanele abanjwe phakathi kuka-0.1–0.2 mm wobukhulu beshidi. Amagebe abanzi kuno-10% wobukhulu beshidi adinga ucingo lokugcwalisa ukuze kugwenywe ukungagcwali.

Amajoyinti E-Lap

Amajoyinti e-lap ayindlela ethethelela kakhulu eshidi elincane. I-laser ingena eshidini elingaphezulu futhi ihlangane neshidi elingaphansi. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe:

Qinisekisa ukuthi womabili amashidi athintana ngokuphelele - amagebe omoya abangela ukungahlangani kahle.
Sebenzisa amandla aphansi kancane kunamajoyinti e-butt ngobukhulu obufanayo.
Qondisa umsebe onqenqemeni lweshidi elingaphezulu, hhayi maphakathi, ukuze kube nokugeleza kahle kokuncibilika.

Amajoyinti E-Fillet

Amajoyinti e-T namajoyinti ekhoneni eshidi le-aluminium azuza ngokondla ucingo oluncane ukuze kwakheke i-fillet. Gcina i-engeli yebhunu engu-35–45 degrees uma uqhathanisa nomugqa wejoyinti ukuze umumo we-bead ungaguquki.

Amasu Okulawula Ukushisa

Umgomo oyinhloko: Ekushiseleni ishidi elincane le-aluminium, inhloso akukhona ukungena okuphezulu kodwa ukulawula ukushisa okungenayo. Konke ukulungiswa kwepharamitha kufanele kube nombuzo: “Ingabe ngeza ukushisa okungaphezu kwalokho lesi shidi esingakusabalalisa?”

Imodi Ye-Pulse Yobukhulu Obuncane

Imodi ye-pulse isebenza kahle kakhulu eshidini elingaphansi kuka-1.0 mm. Ngokushintshana phakathi kwamandla aphezulu (okungena) namandla ayisisekelo (okupholisa), ichibi lokushisela liyaqina kancane phakathi kwama-pulse. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokushisa ngaphezulu futhi kunciphisa ububanzi be-HAZ. Izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile ze-pulse:

Amandla aphezulu: 1.2–1.5 izikhathi zamandla e-CW ngobukhulu obufanayo
Amandla ayisisekelo: 20–30% wamandla aphezulu
I-frequency ye-pulse: 50–200 Hz
Umjikelezo womsebenzi: 40–60%

Isivinini Sokuhamba Nokushisa Okungenayo

Isivinini esiphezulu sokuhamba sinciphisa ukushisa okungenayo ngomugqa futhi ngokuvamile siyathandeka eshidini elincane. Nokho, isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu namandla anciphile kungabangela ukungahlangani kahle ekuqaleni komthungo, lapho ukukhanya kwe-aluminium okuphezulu kokuqala kumelana nokumuncwa komsebe. Ukuhlala isikhashana (0.1–0.3 seconds) ekuqaleni komthungo ngamunye kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-keyhole isunguliwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhamba.

Ukulawula Ukuhlanekezela Eshidini Le-Aluminium

Ukuhlanekezela yinkinga evame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni lapho kushiselwa ishidi elincane le-aluminium. Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nalo:

Ukushisela ama-tack: Beka ama-tack njalo ngo-50–100 mm ngaphambi kokuqala umthungo ogcwele. Lokhu kubamba amashidi futhi kuvimbela ukuhlanekezela okuqongelelayo.
Indlela ye-back-step: Shisela ngokuphambene nokuqhubeka konke. Ukushisa kwengxenye ngayinye kunciphisa kancane ukuhlanekezela kwengxenye edlule.
Ukucwilisa ukushisa: Bamba ishidi ngebha yokusekela yethusi noma ye-aluminium. Ithusi liyathandeka ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphezulu (401 W/m·K).
Ukushisela ngokulinganayo: Kwezinto ezinemithungo eminingi, shintshana izinhlangothi ukuze kulinganiswe ukucindezeleka kokushisa.

Igesi Yokuvikela Ezinhlelweni Zeshidi

I-argon emsulwa ngo-12–18 L/min iyona ndlela ejwayelekile yeshidi le-aluminium. I-nozzle yegesi kufanele ibekwe ngo-8–12 mm ukusuka endaweni yomsebenzi. Eshidini elincane kuno-0.8 mm, yehlisa izinga lokugeleza libe ngu-10–12 L/min - ukucindezela kwegesi okweqile kungaphazamisa ichibi elincane lokushisela futhi kudale isiyaluyalu esidonsa umoya ongaphandle.

Isivikelo segesi esilandelayo sinweba ukumboza ngemuva kwechibi lokushisela, okubalulekile ngoba i-aluminium ihlala incibilikile amamilimitha ambalwa ngemuva kwe-arc. Ngaphandle kokumboza okulandelayo, ingxenye elandelayo ye-bead iyagqwayiza futhi ingathuthukisa i-porosity.

Ukulungiselela Indawo Eshidini Le-Aluminium

Ishidi elincane lizwela kakhulu ekungcoleni kwendawo ngoba kunomthamo omncane wokunciphisa ukungcola. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

Susa ungqimba lwe-oxide ngebhulashi lensimbi engagqwali ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushisela.
Sula nge-acetone ukuze ususe amafutha nezinsalela - musa ukusebenzisa izincibilikisi ezinama-chlorine, ezingakhiqiza amagesi anobuthi lapho kukhanya i-laser.
Gwema ukuthinta indawo yokushisela ngezandla ezingenalutho; amafutha esikhumba anomthelela ku-porosity.
Shisela phakathi kwamahora angu-4 ngemuva kokuhlanzwa; ungqimba lwe-oxide lubuyela kancane kancane ezimweni zemvelo.

Iyini ubuncane bobukhulu umshini wokushisela we-laser ophathwayo ongakwazi ukusebenza ku-aluminium?

Ngokulungiswa okufanele kwepharamitha (amandla aphansi, imodi ye-pulse, isivinini esiphezulu), ishidi le-aluminium elingu-0.5 mm lingashiselwa ngempumelelo. Ngaphansi kuka-0.5 mm, ubungozi bokushisa ngaphezulu bukhula kakhulu, futhi imishini ekhethekile ye-micro-welding ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.

Ngabe ngidinga ucingo lokugcwalisa ekushiseleni ishidi le-aluminium?

Kumajoyinti e-butt aqinile eshidini elingaphansi kuka-1.0 mm, ukushisela okungenawo umcwalisi (autogenous) ngokuvamile kwanele. Emagebheni, amajoyinti e-lap, noma amajoyinti adinga ukuqiniswa kwe-fillet, sebenzisa ucingo lwe-4043 (Al-Si) noma lwe-5356 (Al-Mg) olungu-1.0 mm noma 1.2 mm.

Ngingavimbela kanjani ukuthi ishidi linamathele ebha yokusekela?

Faka ungqimba oluncane lwe-graphite noma i-ceramic-based anti-spatter compound endaweni yebha yokusekela. Ngenye indlela, sebenzisa ibha yethusi enomgodi evumela impande yomthungo ukuthi yakheke ngaphandle kokuthinta ibha.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi

Ngemuva kokushisela, hlola okulandelayo emajoyintini eshidi le-aluminium:

Ukuhlola ngamehlo: I-bead yomthungo kufanele ibe yefana ngobubanzi nokuphakama, ngaphandle kokushintsha kombala ngaphandle kwe-HAZ encane.
Ukuhlola ukungena: Kumajoyinti e-butt, qinisekisa ukungena ngokugcwele ngokuhlola uhlangothi lwempande. I-back-bead engaguquki ikhombisa ukuhlanganisa okufanele ngokugcwele.
Ukukala ukuhlanekezela: Sebenzisa i-straightedge ukuhlola ukuba yisicaba. Ukuhlanekezela okungaphezu kuka-0.5 mm ngobude obungu-100 mm kukhombisa isidingo sokulungisa ipharamitha noma ukubamba.
Ukungaguquguquki komthungo: Ukungaguquguquki komthungo ongu-±0.1 mm womshini wethu wokushisela we-laser ophathwayo uqinisekisa ukuthi i-bead geometry iyaphindeka lapho amapharamitha egcinwa engaguquki.