Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokushisela i-aluminium alloy ngemishini yokushisela ye-laser ephethwe ngesandla, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha amandla (1000W-3000W), ukuphathwa kwe-oxide layer, ukuvimbela i-porosity, amapharamitha abalulekile, nokupholisa ngamanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Umhlahlandlela Wezobuchwepheshe
Kungani I-Aluminium Alloy Iyinselele Ekushiseleni Nge-Laser
I-aluminium alloy ingenye yezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni - kusukela kumapaneli omzimba wezimoto kuya ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace, ama-heat sink, nezindlu ze-elekthroniksi zabathengi. Nokho, iphinde ibe phakathi kwezinto ezinzima kakhulu ukushisela ngokungaguquki. I- umshini wokushisela nge-laser ophathwayo ibhekana nezinselele ezimbalwa ezithile ze-aluminium, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi kungani le nsimbu iziphatha ngale ndlela ngaphansi kwe-laser beam yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ukushisela okuthembekile.
I-aluminium inezici ezintathu eziyinkimbinkimbi ekushiseleni:
- Ukukhanya okuphezulu - I-aluminium ikhombisa kuze kufike ku-90% wamandla e-laser afikayo ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ikakhulukazi ngama-fiber laser asebenza ku-1070 nm. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka amandla amaningi ukuze kuqalwe i-keyhole, futhi ukukhanya kokuqala kungase kulimaze izinto zokubona uma kungalawulwa kahle.
- Ukushisa okuphezulu - I-aluminium iqhuba ukushisa ngokuphindwe kane kunensimbi. Ukushisa kuhamba ngokushesha endaweni yokushisela, okusho ukuthi udinga amandla aphezulu ukuze ugcine ichibi elincibilikile elizinzile.
- Ungqimba lwe-oxide - Ifilimu yemvelo ye-aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) yakheka ebusweni ngemizuzwana nje ukuchayeka emoyeni. Le oxide inendawo yokuncibilika ecishe ibe ngu-2072°C, ephezulu kakhulu kunendawo yokuncibilika ye-aluminium engu-660°C. Uma ingasuswa noma ilawulwa kahle, ingabangela ukushisela okungaphelele nokufakwa kwe-oxide ekushiseleni.
Lezi zici ziyisizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani ukukhetha imishini nemingcele efanele kubaluleke kakhulu ku-aluminium kunakwezinye izinsimbi eziningi. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wezinketho zemishini namasu, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu we- umshini wokushisela nge-laser ophathwayo we-aluminium.
Indlela Umshini Wokushisela Nge-Laser Ophethwe Ngesandla Obhekana Ngayo Ne-Aluminium
I-Shandong Xinhong CNC Technology Co., Ltd. inikeza imishini yokushisela nge-laser ye-fiber ephethwe ngesandla emazingeni amane amandla: 1000W, 1500W, 2000W, ne-3000W. Ekushiseleni i-aluminium alloy, ukukhetha amandla kubalulekile ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu nokushisa kwe-metali.
Nansi indlela uhlu lwamandla ohambisana noluhlu lwobukhulu be-aluminium ngokusekelwe emandleni omshini:
| Amandla e-Laser | Ubukhulu be-Aluminium Obunconyiwe | Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| 1000W | 0.5–1.5 mm | Ishidi elincanyana, izindlu zama-electronics |
| 1500W | 1.0–3.0 mm | Ukwenziwa okujwayelekile, ama-brackets |
| 2000W | 1.5–3.0 mm | Amapuleti aminyene, izingxenye zesakhiwo |
| 3000W | 2.0–3.0 mm+ | Izingxenye ze-aluminium ezinzima kakhulu |
Qaphela: I-modeli engu-1500W ifinyelela ukungena okuphezulu kuka-3 mm kokubili insimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium, ngokuvumelana kwe-weld seam kuka-±0.1 mm. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwabakhi abasebenza ngezinto eziningi.
Umthombo we-fiber laser kule mishini uletha i-beam egxilile enamandla aphezulu, okusiza ukunqoba umgoqo wokukhanya kwe-aluminium. Uma i-keyhole isakheka—ngokuvamile phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa yokuqala—izinga lokumunca ligxuma kakhulu njengoba insimbi encibilikile imunca amandla ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu kunobuso obuqinile.
Ukuphatha Uqwembe Lwe-Oxide Ngaphambi Kokushisela
Uqwembe lwe-aluminium oxide akulona into ongashisela kulo ulindele imiphumela emihle. Kumele lubhekwana nalo ngaphambi kokuba i-laser ithinte insimbi:
- Ukususwa ngomshini: Sebenzisa ibhulashi lezintambo zensimbi engagqwali (elinikezelwe ku-aluminium kuphela ukugwema ukungcola) noma i-Scotch-Brite ukususa i-oxide film endaweni yokushisela. Kwenze lokhu phakathi kwamahora angu-1–2 ngaphambi kokushisela, njengoba uqwembe lwe-oxide luqala ukuvuselela ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali: Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, i-caustic etch elandelwa yi-de-smut nokugezwa kunikeza ukulungiswa kwendawo okungaguquguquki.
- Inketho ye-wire feeder: Umshini wokushisela we-laser ophethwe ngesandla ungafakwa i-wire feeder ezenzakalelayo. Lapho ushisela i-aluminium, ukusebenzisa i-filler wire ye-ER4043 noma i-ER5356 kusiza ukunxephezela izinga lokuncibilika eliphansi lensimbi eyisisekelo futhi kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwe-weld bead.
Uma weqa ukususwa kwe-oxide, ubeka engcupheni i-porosity, ama-inclusions, nokungena okungaguquki—noma ngabe usetha kahle kangakanani amapharamitha akho.
Ukuvimbela i-Porosity Ekushiseleni kwe-Aluminium
I-Porosity iyisona sici esivame kakhulu ekushiseleni kwe-aluminium nge-laser. Ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-aluminium ku-hydrogen esimweni soketshezi—kuhlanganiswe nokwehla okukhulu kokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokuqina—kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi i-hydrogen ekhona ibanjwa njengamagesi e-pores.
Imithombo ye-hydrogen ihlanganisa umswakama ebusweni, amafutha asele noma uwoyela, uqwembe lwe-oxide ngokwalo, kanye nomswakama ophezulu womoya. Ukuze unciphise i-porosity:
- Hlanza indawo yokushisela kahle nge-acetone noma i-isopropyl alcohol ngaphambi kokushisela.
- Sebenzisa i-argon ehlanzekile kakhulu (99.999%) njengegesi evikelayo ngezinga lokugeleza elingu-15–20 L/min.
- Gcina amashidi e-aluminium endaweni eyomile; gwema ukushisela izinto ezivezwe emvuleni noma emswakameni ophezulu.
- Sebenzisa i-wire feeder nge-filler wire ehlanzekile egcinwe kahle.
Ukusebenza kwe-continuous wave kanye namapharamitha e-pulse ashintshayo kwe-handheld laser welding machine kunika abasebenzi ukulawula okuhle kokufudumala, okusiza ukuphatha izinga lokuqina nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-pores.
Amapharamitha Abalulekile Okufanele Uwalungise Kahle
I-aluminium idinga amapharamitha ahlukile kunensimbi. Nakuba amanani aqondile encike ku-alloy yakho ethile, ubukhulu, nohlobo lwejoyinti, nawa amapharamitha abalulekile okufanele uwashintshe:
- Amandla e-laser: Qala ngo-80–90% wamandla alinganiselwe we-aluminium, njengoba ukukhanya okuphezulu kudinga amandla agxilile. Kweyunithi engu-1500W, indawo yokuqala evamile ingu-1200–1500W nge-aluminium sheet engu-2 mm.
- Isivinini sokushisela: Isivinini esiphansi (8–15 mm/s ngezinto ezingama-2 mm) sivumela ukufudumala okwanele, kodwa ukuhamba kancane kakhulu kungabangela ukushiswa kwe-aluminium encane. Hlola ku-scrap kuqala.
- Igesi evikelayo: I-Argon ijwayelekile. Izingxube ze-Argon-helium (isb., 50/50) zingathuthukisa ukungena ezingxenyeni eziminyene, njengoba i-helium ikhulisa izinga lokushisa le-plasma.
- Indawo yokugxila: Ukungagxili kancane (0.5–1.0 mm ngaphezu kobuso) kuvame ukukhiqiza i-weld pool ebanzi, ezinzile ye-aluminium.
Umshini ungagcina amasethi angaphezu kuka-50 wamapharamitha okushisela, ngakho uma usulungise amasethingi afanele kwe-alloy ethile ye-aluminium nobukhulu, ungawagcina uwabuye uwakhumbule ngokushesha—kususa ukuzama nokwenza amaphutha emisebenzini ephindwayo.
Ukupholisa Ngamanzi Ukuze Kukhiqizwe Ngokuqhubekayo
Ukushisela i-aluminium kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngenxa yezidingo zamandla aphezulu. Isistimu yokupholisa ngamanzi kule mishini yokushisela ye-laser ephethwe ngesandla yakhelwe ukuphatha lo mthwalo, isekela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamahora angu-8 noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuvala ngenxa yokushisa. Lokhu kubalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza lapho ukuphumula kuthinta ngqo umkhiqizo.
I-chiller igcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile lomthombo we-laser, okugcina ikhwalithi ye-beam namandla okukhiphayo kungaguquki emashifitini amade. Kubakhi abasebenza ngama-batch jobs ezingxenyeni ze-aluminium, lokhu kusho ikhwalithi yokushisela ebikezelwayo kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala kuye kweyokugcina.
Izitifiketi Nokuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi
Imishini yokushisela ye-laser ephethwe ngesandla inezitifiketi ze-CE ne-RoHS, futhi i-Shandong Xinhong CNC Technology isebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lwe-ISO 9001:2015. Kubathengi abahambisa ezimakethe zaseYurophu noma ezimbonini ezidinga ukuthotshelwa kwekhwalithi okubhaliwe, lezi zitifiketi zinikeza isisekelo sokuqinisekisa.
Isiphetho
Ukushisela i-aluminium alloy ngomshini wokushisela we-laser ophethwe ngesandla kungenzeka ngokugcwele uma uhlonipha izici ezikhethekile zento. Okubalulekile ukufanisa amandla nobukhulu, ukususa uqwembe lwe-oxide, ukulawula imithombo ye-hydrogen, nokugcina amapharamitha akho alungisiwe ukuze uphindaphinde. Ngamandla asuka ku-1000W kuya ku-3000W, le mishini ihlanganisa izidingo zokwenziwa kwe-aluminium kusukela eshidini elincane kuya ku-structural plate.